By macrophotography it is accepted to call survey with scale 1:2 and more - i.e., when the object of survey on the negative is reduced not more than two.For similar works the specialized optic/optics and the adaptations usually are used.The qualitative articles of serious firms are sufficiently expensive, but when desired it is possible something to make, also, with the small expenditures - but with the correction for the fact that the quality of photograph in this case will be below.Together with the usual objectives on the film cameras to use dioptric nozzles, macros-ring, fur, " perevertyshi ".For the overwhelming majority of digital cameras it is possible to use only external nozzles.
It is in more detail about the equipment:
Most frequently they begin from the purchase of macros-ring. Macros-ring ( extension tubes ) - this is something like the padding of the different thickness, which are put between objective and chamber casing.Macros-ring are frequently sold by complete sets of three pieces, different thickness.It is possible to use them on one, or in any combinations.The longer the ring - the greater the increase will be.Minus one - is lost candlepower, in addition the longer the ring - the darker.During the use of cameras with the TTL- measurement the introduction/input of corrections is not required.It is best to use point or central measurement.Rings are both for the neavtofokusnykh cameras and for the the auto-focal - with the retention/maintaining of the functions of auto-focus and without.Prices different, complete set of three neavtofokusnykh screw collars Of mya2 or Me9 costs 2-5$, inexpensive auto-focal rings with the retention/maintaining of the functions of auto-focus and without the optical elements stand near 80$.
Calculation of scale with the surveys with the rings:
Scale M=L/F L - the length of the collection of rings, F - the focal length of objective.
For 1:2 it is must to L = of 0.shchF
L it is necessary to take with the correction, if objective is twisted from the position of infinity. L ->L+dL
Fur - this is in essence of its the same ring, but with the variable/alternating long.Fur looks like tryapochnaya or paper extensible bellows on the frame, to which from one side is fastened the objective, and with another - chamber casing.The moved models make it possible to shift/shear and to incline objective on the vertical and horizontals relative to optical axis, and so preserve the functions of auto-focus.Minuses all the same, pluses in comparison with the rings - the possibility of stepless change are long.
Dioptric nozzles - these are the units of the lenses, which screw to the objective as usual filter.They make it possible to decrease the minimum distance to the removed object.
" Perevertysh ", which inverts ring ( reversing ring ) - the objective, which is placed back to front with the aid of the special " inverting ring ".Thus is ensured better quality in connection with macro, than during the use of the same objective by standard means.There exist of inverting rings almost for all types fastenings, including with the retention/maintaining of the functions of self-focusing.
" Perevertyshi " so it is possible to use as the high-quality caps to the long-distance objectives.Thus it is possible to obtain significant coarsening/consolidation, a final increase will be equal to the focal length of tele-Vicat, divided into the focal length of the inverted objective.It is profitable as the caps to use short-focus lenses, and as the regular - tele-vetch.Ring for such manipulations is called choupling ring .
Tripods - thing almost always completely necessary.Endurances are long, frequently - very long.Already to endurances in 1/30 seconds the vibration of hands is noticeable in the photographs in the form of smazannosti and blur.The support is not simply desirable with more prolonged endurances, but it is completely necessary.With scales 5:1 and more than endurance they can they will be calculated by minutes because diaphragm for obtaining the acceptable depth of endurance is necessary to press to the high values, and under such conditions they begin to play their role not only of the vibration of chamber/camera, but also the vibration of the object/subject of survey - the steps/pitches of neighbors after the wall or shaking from the streetcar passing on the street are shown.To solve this problem most simply after selecting the correct operating time - by deep night there is neither streetcars nor stamping neighbors.
For macrophotographies the support is necessary specific.The simplest - this usual, but making it possible to put central rod by area/site downward so that kammera will hang below, between legs.More convenient version - these are shttanga- " crane ".It is possible to purchase the universal rod to many supports, which will be it is placed instead of the central, and central in turn - into it.Construction/design is similar to the letter " G ", and it allows not it koryachitsya between the legs of tripod.
Angular viewfinder - nozzle on viewfinder.If you remove/take something almost at ground level, but not on top, but on the side - to creep up to the viewfinder is extremely inconvenient.4 even rug rubber for such targets/purposes in the machine I conduct.But to more simply and more conveniently take the simple optical cap, installed to the eyepiece.The owners of cameras removing/taking by the prism of such problems do not have any, but such the minority:)
